Lava Zones

There’s an old joke I reference on occasion about the grandson coming to his grandfather for investment advice, to which the grandfather answers ‘Boy, invest in dirt. They stopped making that a long time ago.’ Well, as it turns out, the grandfather is only MOSTLY correct. Hawaii is one of the few places in the world which is still manufacturing dirt, thanks to the fact that the entire island chain is home to active volcanoes–Those being Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and the currently-dormant Mauna Kea–which periodically erupt and pour out enough lava to add another acre or two to the landscape. Unfortunately, all that molten rock flowing over the landdoes tend to have an effect on the real estate market, and not just in a ‘hurray there’s more land to sell’ way.

Let’s talk about Lava Zones.

The first thing to know about lava zones is that there isn’t any place on the Big Island that is NOT a lava zone. This comes from the whole island being made of lava flow stacked upon lava flow over the course of several dozens of centuries. There are a total of 9 zones on the Big Island, and they are described by the State as the following:

((Picture of Lava Zone Description))

Now, all of that looks like a lot to take in, and it is. Fortunately, when it comes to investing in real-estate on the Big Island, the only zones that you need to worry about are zones 1 and 2. Zones 3-9 are considered ‘low risk’ due to being protected by topographical barriers, being down-slope from the dormant Mauna Kea, or by virtue of not having been overrun by lava in the last couple centuries.

It can be extremely difficult to get financing when attempting to purchase property in either zone, for the simple reason that almost no insurance company will issue policies on properties located in lava zone 1 or 2. That is not to say you can’t find companies who will issue policies, but currently there are only two companies which consistently offer policies for properties located in those zones. Other companies may offer policies sporadically, or on an individual case-by-case basis, but they are not well-advertised and you will have to do some deep digging with local insurance agents in order to find them.

The first company which consistently offers policies for lava zones 1 and 2 is Lloyds of London, but Lloyds does not issue fire insurance policies, which is one of the more pressing needs when you live in a dangerous lava zone. Case in point, when Fissure 8 opened up in Leilani Estates back in 2018, many of the houses that were destroyed did not have fire insurance, and so were almost total losses. So while it may be useful to have Lloyds insure your property for financing purposes, if your property is destroyed by lava, Lloyds will likely not cover the damages.

The second insurance company that will consistently issue policies — including fire insurance — in zones 1 and 2 is the state-run Hawaii Property Insurance Association, or HPIA. Unfortunately, this is something of a ‘last resort’ insurance policy, in that it was specifically set up by the state of Hawaii for those living in lava zones without insurance, and that the premiums start at around four times the cost of other policies and only go up from there.

It is also worth noting that Lava Zone 3 does not seem to have the same stigma in the insurance world as the first two zones. Recent rate raises in HPIA policies only affected those policies which cover properties in zones 1 and 2, and in my research I have found further anecdotal evidence that zone 3 is not subject to the same strenuous insurance regulations as zones 1 and 2. Your rates may be a tiny bit higher than normal for any policies you get on properties in zone 3, but you should still easily be able to find an insurance provider willing to issue a policy. Zones 4-9 have no effect on insurance whatsoever.

Of course, as a certain twitter-prone former President of the United States once said; ‘Cash is King’, so if you have the cash on hand then you don’t need to worry about the insurance, because you don’t need to get financing. However, that does bring up a very important point: The fact that property in lava zones 1 and 2 are technically always in danger of being paved under by a new flow of the Red Stuff. Any time you purchase property in those zones, you are in effect rolling the dice in hope that no new flow erupts nearby.

And that’s sort of the last word when it comes to purchasing property in lava zones 1 and 2; there’s a lot of very nice property to be had there, and much of it is in areas where lava hasn’t actually been seen in decades if not centuries. The language used in the description of lava zone 2, for instance, states that it is considered ‘high risk’ because 25% of the land has been covered by lava since 1800. One could understandably look at description and decide ‘yeah, if only 1/4 of the land has been under lava in the last 250 years, I’m probably okay to buy something there.’

But there always exists the danger that lava will show up again unannounced. No one living in Leilani Estates EXPECTED Fissure 8 to open up back in 2018, but the possibility was always there and technically it was an elevated risk because those properties existed in Lava Zone 1. It’s rare when it happens, but it DOES happen, so the decision of whether or not to purchase land in zones 1 or 2 is pretty much tied to how risk-averse you are. If you don’t mind rolling the dice on a property that has a low-percentage chance of being wiped out by lava, then there are plenty of lovely properties to purchase. If you’re more risk-averse, then likely something in zones 3-9 will be more your speed.

Just remember that if you do purchase in zones 1 or 2, you will either be paying much higher insurance premiums, or going without the safety net of fire insurance. At least until something drastic changes in the insurance provider landscape.